Welcome to the session on Fundamentals of Accounting! In this chapter, we will cover the basics of accounting, including defining the concept of accounting, explaining the six phases of an accounting cycle, understanding the golden rules of accounting, defining and explaining trial balance, trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet. By the end of this chapter, you will have a good understanding of accounting principles and how they are used in financial reporting.
So, what is accounting? In simple terms, accounting is the process of identifying, recording, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting a business’s financial transactions. This process involves several steps that make up the accounting cycle.
The first step in the accounting cycle is identifying the accounts involved in a transaction. This includes identifying the type of account (e.g., assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, or expenses) and the specific account within that type (e.g., cash, accounts payable, sales revenue, etc.).
Next, transactions must be recorded systematically. This means that each transaction must be recorded in a consistent and organized way, typically using accounting software or a manual system of accounting records.
After recording transactions, the next step is to classify and analyze them. Transactions are typically analyzed to determine the effect on the financial position of the business, and to ensure that they are recorded accurately and in compliance with accounting standards.
At the end of the year, the transactions are summarized, typically in the form of financial statements. These statements include a trial balance, which lists all the account balances, and a trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet, which summarize the financial performance and position of the business.
In conclusion, accounting is a fundamental part of any business and involves the systematic recording, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting of financial transactions. By understanding the principles and phases of the accounting cycle, you will be better equipped to manage the financial aspects of your business and make informed decisions.
